It is a resource allocator - manages resources, decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use. The OS decides what program gets access to RAM, disks, and other hardware (that is what is meant by Resource Allocator
It is a control program - controls programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer
The Kernel is running constantly in the OS. The Kernel is generally has complete control of the operating system, it facilitates interactions between hardware and software. The kernel translate data to the CPU of I/O
Write a loadable kernel module, only requires you to run a small file
You'll want to run priviledged code, and you can add a new system call and functionality